太(tai)陽(yang)能路燈(deng)是利用光(guang)生伏(fu)特效(xiao)應(ying)原理制成，太(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)池板白(bai)天接收太(tai)陽輻射能并(bing)轉化為電(dian)(dian)能輸(shu)出(chu)，光(guang)生伏(fu)特效(xiao)應(ying)是指(zhi)半導(dao)體在受到(dao)光(guang)照射時產生電(dian)(dian)動勢的現象。

光生(sheng)伏特效應簡稱光伏效應，風(feng)光互補控(kong)制(zhi)器指光照使不均(jun)勻半導體或半導體與金屬結合(he)的不同(tong)部(bu)位之間產生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位差的現(xian)象。它首先(xian)是由光子(zi)（光波）轉化(hua)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)、光能量(liang)轉化(hua)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)能量(liang)的過(guo)程(cheng)；其(qi)次，是形(xing)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過(guo)程(cheng)。有了電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，就(jiu)像筑(zhu)高了大壩，如(ru)果兩者之間連(lian)通，就(jiu)會形(xing)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的回路(lu)。

如果光(guang)線照射在(zai)(zai)(zai)太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)上(shang)(shang)并(bing)且光(guang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)界(jie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)被(bei)吸(xi)收(shou)，具有足(zu)夠能(neng)(neng)(neng)量的(de)(de)光(guang)子(zi)(zi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠在(zai)(zai)(zai)P型(xing)硅和(he)N型(xing)硅中將電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)從共價鍵中激發，以致產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)空(kong)(kong)穴對(dui)。界(jie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)附近的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)和(he)空(kong)(kong)穴在(zai)(zai)(zai)復(fu)合(he)之前，將通(tong)過(guo)空(kong)(kong)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場作用被(bei)相互分(fen)離。電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)向(xiang)帶正電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)N區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)空(kong)(kong)穴向(xiang)帶負電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)P區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)運動。通(tong)過(guo)界(jie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷分(fen)離，將在(zai)(zai)(zai)P區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)N區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之間產生一個向(xiang)外的(de)(de)可(ke)測試的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。此時可(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)硅片的(de)(de)兩邊加(jia)上(shang)(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極并(bing)接入電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓表。對(dui)晶體硅太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)來說，開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)典型(xing)數值為0.5～0.6V。通(tong)過(guo)光(guang)照在(zai)(zai)(zai)界(jie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)產生的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)-空(kong)(kong)穴對(dui)越(yue)(yue)多，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流越(yue)(yue)大。界(jie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)吸(xi)收(shou)的(de)(de)光(guang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)越(yue)(yue)多，界(jie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)即(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積越(yue)(yue)大，在(zai)(zai)(zai)太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中形成(cheng)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流也越(yue)(yue)大。

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